TeachersPoe's Technique
Poe’s Use of Literary Devices in a Short Story
Even critics who object to Poe’s subject matter tend to concede that Poe was a master craftsman. The theories he explained as a literary critic are put into practice in his short stories and poems. Poe’s primary concern was “unity of effect,” which means that every element of a story should help create a single emotional impact. Poe’s 1846 tale “The Cask of Amontillado” is one of his best known works. It is the story of a revenge-obsessed man Montressor who tricks his enemy Fortunato into following him into a catacomb in search of a pipe of Amontillado (a kind of sherry). Over the course of their journey, Montressor gradually reveals his plan to his victim, who is too drunk to notice. Finally, the murderer chains his victim to a wall and bricks him up alive in a compartment. In the following excerpt from the opening paragraphs of “The Cask of Amontillado,” Poe quickly and effectively foreshadows the gruesome conclusion of the story with a minimum of unnecessary detail. Notice the ironic details probably intended for humorous effect. For example, even the victim’s name, Fortunato, is ironic because he is, in fact, very unfortunate. At the time Poe wrote this story he was engaged in a literary feud with writer Thomas Dunn English, who Poe would eventually sue for libel.
In his essay “The Philosophy of Composition” Poe explained that he was attempting to create a melancholy mood with his poem “The Raven.” He believed the long “o” sound in the word “nevermore” had a very sad sound, so he repeated that sound at the end of each stanza. Poe also noted that the saddest subject in the world was the death of a beautiful young woman, so he chose that as the subject of his poem. He then concluded that the narrator of the poem should be the dead woman’s lover, the one, Poe believed, would be most deeply affected by her death. Throughout the poem Poe uses imagery that conveys a sense of sorrow over the death of the narrator’s lover Lenore. For example, he describes the dark night outside his room as a “Plutonian shore,” making an allusion to god of the underworld Pluto. Poe also devotes a great deal of attention to the lyrical qualities of his poetry in order to convey a sense of beauty, the contemplation of which, he believed, “invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.”
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